The Internal Control Weaknesses Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Audit and Internal Control Weaknesses. Answer: Introduction The internal control weaknesses are significant for the business organization as these play vital roles in impeding the efficiency of the business organization. Hence, it is essential for the business organization to recognize the internal control weaknesses so that can minimize the effect of the weaknesses as well as the organization can try to deploy effective measures that support in mitigating the weakness plus the effect of the weaknesses[1]. Timely detection of the weakness helps in designing the remedies for the weakness. The internal control system is considered as the safeguard to the business organization. The internal audit is mainly an informal review of the business organization by its owners or accountants. The internal control shows the particular policies of the business organization and the owner of the business as well as the managers and employees should follow these in the business. The internal control system has few weaknesses, and the business organization must address these internal control weaknesses. Five Internal control weaknesses Everyday supplies are depicted to be showing the single wholesale retailer of the variety of the garden tools and the garden supplies with including the electrical fixtures. The five internal control weaknesses that are defined in this case is being described in the following points, and also it is showing the remedies by the help of the which it can be easily mitigated. The following are provided below: - The weakness of Credit Management: The weakness of the credit management is being identified in this case which is being explained. The management of the company Everyday Supplies Pty Ltd is shown to be allowing the account-based transfers who are depicted to be beyond the ethics of the company[2]. The managers are seemed to be providing this facility to the familiarities and also this is being identified as the most important issue as it is being illustrated in this case. The other customers are provided with the supplies by the cash or the credit payments. This is being identified as an issue which must be mitigated by the manager for the enhancement of the company. The remedy which can be provided to this case as it is being illustrated shows the inappropriate management of the customers which is being made by the manager of the Everyday Supplies Pty Ltd. The company must mitigate this issue by the help of making some changes in the system of the supplies and also the enhancement of the customer can be easily depicted for the company[3]. The weakness of Account receivable supervision: This issue is being identified by the help of the preparation of the monthly records which are computer generated account receivables. It is being made without reconciliation and also the issue is representing the inappropriate calculation of the monthly overdue that are made in the accounts[4]. The management is indicated to be responsible for this issue, and also the explanation of the work is not appropriately conducted by the supervisor while conducting this assessment. As a part of the remedy, the conduct is being made by showing the inappropriate maintenance of the work, and also the conduct must be easily overcome by showing the illustrations of the process in an appropriate way. The management must be made by creating awareness in the management team as the case is being illustrated for Everyday Supplies Pty Ltd. The weakness of Cash Handling: The recognition of the process of risk generation is important for prescribing effective remedies for the business that help in minimizing the risk. The management should try to detect the internal control risk and the remedies in order to improve the business efficacy as well as to improve the auditing performances that enhance the trust and reputation of the business organization[5]. The cash handling is one of the important tasks of the business organizations that inherent adequate level of business risk. The cashier is responsible for the cash handling on behalf of the business organization. He uses to tally the cheques with the accountants, check the cheques and arranging them. Then he deposits the cheques in the banks. The procedures have a massive inherent risk as slight mistakes of the process can invite major loss to the business organization. The weakness of Bookkeeping: This issue is illustrating the underlying transactions are being made by the wrong judgment of the records. The enhancement of this inappropriate transaction is depicted to be indicating the whole work in an inappropriate way and also the establishment of the accurate information is depicted to be essential for the enhancement of the study[6]. The implementation of the tracking information systems, with removing the duplicity of the financial statements are also illustrated as the part of this process. This is simply showing the accurate measurements which are being undertaken for this transaction issues, and also the inappropriate management must be removed by implementing this step as a remedy. The tax calculation faults are also identified as an issue in this case which is seen due to the delaying of the process and also the management is being made by showing the illustration of the study. Thus this risk management can be easily made by the Everyday S upplies Pty Ltd which will enable the company to have an appropriate statement is being made by showing the write off accounts and also this remedy must be initiated for the betterment of the company. Thus the management of this issue is appropriately made for the development of the study was undertaken in this case of Everyday Supplies Pty Ltd[7]. Weakness of Write-offs: When an organization provides products or services on credit to the customers, then some customers may not be able to pay the due amounts. The write of the method is used to post in the account of the uncollectible receivable. The company writes off the account only when the customers are not able to pay the due amounts. When the accountant writes off the uncollectible, then it charges the amounts as the bad debt expense on the profit or loss statement[8]. The expenses can occur in a period after the record of the initial sale that violates the matching principle. Account receivable is the current asset that represents the amount of money due from the customers. The write-off method record the account receivable amount at the time of the sale. Thus, if the amount becomes uncollectible than the balance of account receivable will become high. The balance sheet value will be affected. The bad debt expenses are sometime presented in the later period that may lead to the inappropriate representation of the profits in the income statement. The profit margin can increase or decrease with the presentation of the bad expense. The write-off method provided a room to manipulate the values of the items in the financial statements[9]. Assertions: Existence: The accounts in the balance sheet should be equity, liabilities, and assets. Rights and obligations: The corporation has the rights over their owned assets and also liable to pay the liabilities. Completeness: The company has to report assets, liabilities and equity balances in an appropriate manner and it should be disclosed fully in the balance sheet[10]. Valuation and allocation: The items in the liabilities, equity, and assets account should be estimated and presented at their proper valuations in the balance sheet. Test of control for cash receipts: Occurrence: The company should employ two cashiers while checking the balances, reading the email, remittance advice, listing the cheque and depositing the cheques. Completeness: The accountant should prepare journals for all the transactions and then posting it on the ledger account. All the cash amount deposited in the bank should be recorded in an appropriate manner[11]. Accuracy: The balances of the accounts should be listed for all the transactions and generated cash flows from the transactions. Cut-off: The accountant should track all the deposits in order to ensure that the amounts are recorded during the accounting period. Classification: The classification of the transaction should be based on the requirement of the financial statements[12]. Conclusion The owner and management of the business organizations must detect the internal control weaknesses organization as these can impede the performance of the business organization. Apart from this, because of the internal control weakness the performances of auditing functions can also be reduced. Due to the weaknesses in internal control system, the undertaken business organization named Everyday Supplies Pty Ltd has faced severe issue that slow down the growth prospects of the organization. Apart from this, it makes the auditing tasks problematic, and several auditing issues take places due to the internal control weaknesses of the firm. References Appannaiah, H, P Reddy, R Putty,Financial accounting. in , Mumbai [India], Himalaya Pub. House, 2010. Besley, S,Corporate finance. in , [Place of publication not identified], Cengage Learning, 2016. Britton, A, C Waterston,Financial accounting. in , Harlow, Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2013. Helbk, M, S Lindset, B McLellan,Corporate finance. in , Maidenhead, Berkshire, Open University Press/McGraw-Hill Education, 2010. Holton, R,Global finance. in , Abingdon, Oxon, Routledge, 2012. Parrino, R,Corporate Finance. in , Singapore, John Wiley Sons, 2015. Powers, M, B Needles,Financial accounting. in , [Mason], South-Western, Cengage Learning, 2012. Spiceland, J,Intermediate accounting. in , Toronto, ON, McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2010. Stice, J, E Stice,Intermediate accounting. in , Mason, South-Western/Cengage Learning, 2014. Weil, R,Financial accounting. in , [Place of publication not identified], Cengage Learning, 2017. Welch, I,Corporate finance. in , Los Angeles, Ivo Welch, 2014. Wolf, M,Fixing global finance. in , Baltimore, Md., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

Drug Addiction in Aboriginal Men

Question: Disucss about theDrug Addiction in Aboriginal Men. Answer: It is surprising to find out that many people still do not understand the reason on why or how individuals end up being addicted to drugs. However, it is important for us to ask ourselves why drug addiction or rather substance abuse is a health problem among the Aboriginal men living in Australia. These men form up part of the indigenous race in Australia where the incidences of severe health concerns such as diabetes as well as kidney diseases are rampant. For the Aboriginal men, the first decision to venture into drugs is made voluntarily without any kind of coercion. Sadly, drug addiction is a health problem that has become a concern for Australia since it has led to brain changes among indigenous Australians that later result in challenging the self-control of men. According to the literature written by Bruce Alexander (2008), drug addiction which involves the smoking of cannabis, as well as tobacco, has resulted in increased cases of the Aboriginal men being admitted to hospital s whereby their issues are linked to drug use. According to Bruce, it has become well known in Australia that the native people who use drugs compulsively have mental health challenges since smoking, as well as the use of injections, disrupts the normal functioning of the brain tissues. This paper identifies as well as discusses the social determinants of health for drug addiction or substance abuse and later identifies the potential stakeholders that one can partner with to address drug addiction and substance abuse among the aboriginal men. According to a post by WHO, social determinants of health refer to the settings that revolve around the way in which people live. Education is a social determinant of health which forms a crucial alleyway that contributes to the eligibility to snatch employment opportunities. It is through employment that people can bolster their living standards. According to the research done by the Australian Bureau dealing with statistics in 2007, it was found out that the rates of job retention for indigenous individuals stood out to be around ten, twenty, and thirty percent in years ranging from ten, eleven, and twelve respectively than that of the non-indigenous counterparts (De Crespigny et al., 2006). Similarly, in 2006, it was found out that the Aboriginal people who are aged fifteen years and above were less than half likely than the non-indigenous to have finished schooling until they reach the twelfth year. This is in comparison to twice as much as those likely to have dropped out of sch ool. Here, the inability of the Aboriginal men to access education just because they are living in rural areas makes them vulnerable to the extent of using drugs to make one feel comfortable in a stressful world. As such, the indigenous people in Australian rural areas suffer the risk of acquiring poor health since the unavailability of appropriate knowledge is a major contributor (Song et al., 2011). When education lacks aptness, there is a high chance that individuals may be made to explore the smoking of bhang and tobacco. It is evident that the Aboriginal men do not prioritize education because of the dominance of their culture and their inflexibility towards embracing western education. A couple of studies have been conducted to explore the connection existing between the outcomes of education and drug addiction. For example, a study of the Aboriginal and Torres communities in Arnhem Land brought to scholars attention that the current consumers of cannabis emerged to be less li kely to take part in education (Lee et al., 2008). Precisely, the lack of proper education is a social determinant of health for the aboriginal men that make them continue with drug or substance abuse since it is evident that those people who defected from being educated were twenty-three times more likely to become polydrug users when aged between eight and seventeen years. The Aboriginal communities are well known for living in a house where there are as many as twelve people. For this case, housing is a social determinant of health because it is hard for an Aboriginal man to leave in overcrowded houses where there are smokers and other drug users without being hooked up to indulge. Mainly, overcrowding is a factor that is associated with the broad range of health outcomes. The results are inclusive of the increased rates of smoking as well as the drinking of alcohol at dangerous levels. In 2006, data indicated that close to 25% of the Aboriginal community were at that year staying in overcrowded conditions (MacRae Hoareau, 2016). Evidently, more than one-fifth of Aboriginal households housed more than five resident people. It is common doing that when people stay together in a room for long with smokers, there is a high likelihood that an individual can be lured to start the excessive use of drugs just for social and emotional gain. This is the same for the Aboriginal men where their health has been deteriorated with drug addiction. As such, the Aboriginal men are made vulnerable to drug dependence or substance abuse due to overcrowding in houses. Even though there is nothing wrong with living communally, the rates of smoking tend out to be higher in such conditions than when one or two people live in a house. Various studies reveal a consistent and definite relationship that exists between the level of an individuals' income and the level of mortality and morbidity, whereby those with a lower standard of income have the highest degrees of morbidity as well as mortality. It was found out in 2006 that the average income of Aboriginal men only made up 56% of the equivalent revenue for non-indigenous Australians (Markwick et al., 2014). In such a way, the existence of income inequality in Australia has a link to the eruption of health problems among the Aboriginal men because stress plays a role in luring people to indulge in drug misuse. For the other countries in the world including the United States of America, the connection between a persons health status and income has been contested as low as up to the community level, which is the reverse for Australia (McBride et al., 2009). For the Aboriginal men, the long-term social exclusion by the non-indigenous communities is the reason for the increased injuries and hospitalization due to drug abuse and alcohol consumption. Income, being the social determinant of health is generally concomitant with other determinants such as employment because individuals must be employed to earn an income. Based on this argument, the lower income for the Aboriginal men is one of the stressors that leads them to drug addiction and in due course causes the eruption of various chronic health problems. One of the primary potential stakeholders that I would need to cooperate with to address drug addiction or substance abuse is the government. The Australian government is responsible in many ways for the enforcement of policies that makes illegal the use of various drugs with the capability of causing the deterioration of its citizen's health statuses. First of all, education is a sector that is controlled directly by the Australian government. As such, it can ensure that measures are put in place to enhance full cooperation of the native male population in education (Lee et al., 2013). Providing high quality and subsidized education will make it possible to reduce the rates of drug use among men, only for appropriate education that delves in this health problem. The collaboration with the government through the ministry of health will see to it that grants are provided to rehabilitate those who are already addicted to drugs. Besides, the government is responsible for the policies. A s such, collaboration with National Drug Strategy organization will increase the efficiency in which this matter is addressed both locally and globally. The policies foster the provision of national frameworks embodying various actions to cause a reduction of harms related to drug abuse in Australia using appropriate action plans. Since the regulations focus on the entire country, exercising them more on the Aboriginal men than the non-indigenous communities will work correctly in redressing drug addiction, which is a chronic disease affecting this portion of the Australian population (Robertson et al., 2012). It is important that the National Drug Strategy was designed to minimize illicit drug use by Australians as it forms a collaborative venture with the government where an emphasis is laid on drug's supply, demand, and harm reduction. Similarly, The AIHW, which stands for Australian Institute of Health as well as Welfare, is the other potential stakeholder to assist in redressing this health problem among the Aboriginal men once and for all. The role of this body is to conduct and publish the strategies to research on drug abuse by using surveys in Australia (Heffernan et al., 2016). Collaboration with this body will result in the exploration of Australians perception and opinions regarding drug addiction in general and the extent in which the addicts have been affected healthily. AIHW is concerned with an individuals approval of drug handling and the overall impact of substance abuse on mortality and the community. In addressing this health issue, the cooperation will help in shedding light on Aboriginal men's insights on tobacco and alcohol and their associated health risks. As well, the leaders of the Aboriginal community can contribute to holding campaigns directed towards achieving a reduction of drug use, wh ereby campaigners will enlighten the Aboriginal men and the community as a whole on the issues of health that erupt due to drug addiction or substance abuse (Johnson et al., 2007). It is essential to note that people believe more on those who have refrained from using drugs and are therefore ready to testify to the community on the hazardous health problems they went through while they were hooked up to the drug. As such, this will form an excellent forum where people can share their perceptions as well as opinions on the matter, which in the long run contributes to a reduction in substance abuse among the aboriginal men and the reduced incidences of suicide. In conclusion, this paper has identified and appropriately discussed the social determinants of health for drug addiction or substance abuse. It also identified the potential stakeholders that an individual or a non-governmental body could collaborate with to address this health issue among the Aboriginal men. In sum, the Aboriginal men are well known to be heavy smokers of bhang and tobacco that have a long-term impact on their health by causing chronic diseases such as kidney failures and diabetes. The SDHs which contributed to their actions includes poor education, lower level of income than non-indigenous communities, and overcrowding in households. Unemployment is also a social determinant that is linked to an individuals income as it brings with it setbacks such as stress. To address this issue, the collaboration with the government, AIHW, National Drug Strategy, and the Aboriginal community will work out to reduce this health problem. References Alexander, B. K. (2008). The globalisation of addiction: A study in poverty of the spirit. Oxford: Oxford University Press. De Crespigny, C., Kowanko, I., Murray, H., Wilson, S., Ah Kit, J., Mills, D. (2006). A nursing partnership for better outcomes in Aboriginal mental health, including substance use. Contemporary Nurse, 22(2), 275-287. Heffernan, E., Davidson, F., Andersen, K., Kinner, S. (2016). Substance use disorders among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in custody: a public health opportunity. Health Justice, 4(1), 12. Johnson, K., Courser, M., Holder, H., Miller, B., Ogilvie, K., Moore, R., ... Saylor, B. (2007). A community prevention intervention to reduce youth from inhaling and ingesting harmful legal products. Journal of drug education, 37(3), 227-247. Lee, K. K., Clough, A. R., Jaragba, M. J., Conigrave, K. M., Patton, G. C. (2008). Heavy cannabis use and depressive symptoms in three Aboriginal communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory. Medical Journal of Australia, 188(10), 605-609. Lee, K. K., Jagtenberg, M., Ellis, C. M., Conigrave, K. M. (2013). Pressing need for more evidence to guide efforts to address substance use among young Indigenous Australians. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 24(2), 87-97. Markwick, A., Ansari, Z., Sullivan, M., Parsons, L., McNeil, J. (2014). Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: a cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria. International journal for equity in health, 13(1), 91. McBride, O., Teesson, M., Slade, T., Hasin, D., Degenhardt, L., Baillie, A. (2009). Further evidence of differences in substance use and dependence between Australia and the United States. Drug and alcohol dependence, 100(3), 258-264. Robertson, J. A., Conigrave, K. M., Ivers, R., Usher, K., Clough, A. R. (2012). Translation of tobacco policy into practice in disadvantaged and marginalized subpopulations: a study of challenges and opportunities in remote Australian Indigenous communities. Health research policy and systems, 10(1), 23. Song, R., Hall, H. I., Harrison, K. M., Sharpe, T. T., Lin, L. S., Dean, H. D. (2011). Identifying the impact of social determinants of health on disease rates using correlation analysis of area-based summary information. Public health reports, 126(3 suppl), 70-80.

King Henri IV Essays - Dauphins Of France, Knights Of The Garter

King Henri IV King Henri IV was born at Pau in Bearn on December 13, 1553. Raised by his mother, Jeane d'Albret (Queen of Navarre), Henri was brought up in a remote castle in the Pyrenees. He grew up amongst the peasant children of that area and raised on a diet of bread, cheese, and garlic. As a youngster Henri was brought up in the Protestant faith, which was the opposite of his father's wishes. As result, Henri was taken to Paris on his father's orders and given a Catholic tutor. However, he stubbornly refused to attend Mass. Consequently, after the death of his father, Henri was once again instructed by a Protestant tutor. By the age of ten, Henri had already changed religions twice. Remaining in Paris, Henri attended classes at the College de Navarre. Gradually he learned to speak and write fluent Latin and Greek, and he had managed to attain some Spanish and Italian. In 1567 Henri reestablished himself in Pau, reuniting with his mother and sister Catherine. His education was continued, this time including fencing and military arts. Five years later, after an outbreak of several religious wars, the marriage between Henri and the reining king's sister, Marguerite de Valois (a Catholic), was arranged so as to bring temporary peace to France. After Henri's mother's death, the wedding took place. The two were wed on August 18, 1572 at Notre-Dame. Little did the new king know, that day would mark the prelude of a great tragedy. During the wedding, Catherine de Medici consented to the assassination of Admiral de Coligny. On August 22 he was shot at from a window but was merely injured. The Huguenots (French Protestants) were enraged. Queen Medici finally agreed that a general massacre was the only solution to terminate Admiral de Coligny. Before dawn on Sunday, August 24, 1572, the Duc de Guise's swordsmen broke into the Admirals bedroom. He was brutally skewered with a pike, then his corpse was thrown out of a window and hanged by the ankles from the public gibbet. The signal was given and the Paris mob was unleashed. The mob was totally merciless, savagely slitting the throats of all possible Protestants without the willing pity unto children and pregnant women. The Louvre was transformed into a slaughterhouse; the bodies of dead and tortured Huguenot bodies gathered along staircases and piled up against walls. Henri and his cousin Conde were spared only for the sake that they beheld royal blood within their vanes. After that, Henri was forced to change his religion for a third time. In addition, he remained prisoner at court for four years. After the death of King Charles IX, Henry of Navarre's cousin, Henri III became king. King Henry made peace with the Huguenots. After being defeated multiple times by superior Catholic armies, King Henri III turned to Henri of Navarre for help. The help of Henri of Navarre made it once again possible for Henri III to recover his lost powers. Together the pair soon controlled the entire area between the Loire and the Seine. On July 30 he besieged Paris with an army of 40,000. On the peak of this achievement, the king was stabbed by Dominican friar, Jacques Clement. Henry III died that night after ordering his followers to take an oath of allegiance to Henri of Navarre. As result, Henri by name became king of France. However, Henri was refused loyalty by most of his subjects on account that he had been excommunicated and that he was Catholic. Only a mere sixth of France supported Henri. His only source of the reconciliation of loyalty, he soon found, would to be to appeal to those who preferred peace rather than religious war. After victoring numerous accounts of battle with Catholics, Henry IV eventually managed to besiege Paris with 15000 men in May. Unfortunately, Paris remained totally Catholic. Henri then decided to starve the city into submission rather than cause war. By July Paris was pathetically hungry. Cannibalism was a common case?children could be seen chased through the streets by starving elders. People resorted to eating dead dogs (including the skin), rats, garbage, and flour made from bones (those who ate the flour died). Thirteen thousand French died of starvation. Paris did not give up. They were by far too proud to surrender to a heretic king. That September Paris was saved by the Duke of Parma who shipped food across the Sine to the city. Henri revoked as winter drew near. In the summer of 1591 Henri was reinforced

What Are Good Topics For An Argumentative Essay?

What Are Good Topics For An Argumentative Essay?Have you ever wondered what are good topics for an argumentative essay? Do you feel that you are doing a poor job of presenting your arguments to your readers? Is there any reason that you should have spent the time to write the essay and spend the money to buy the argument you are writing about? Read on to find out what are good topics for an argumentative essay.Good topics for an argumentative essay need to be short, sweet and punchy. In fact, if the topics are too long, readers will get bored and not want to read it anymore. Make your topic brief so that you do not waste valuable reading time. If you do, then you are going to be the only one in the class who is wasting their time. Please consider this when you set out to write an argumentative essay.When you are trying to establish or answer a question, do not ramble on too much. Focus on the main question and make your answer to that question the key to the rest of your essay. You m ight just confuse your reader.Keep your facts straight and concise. However, if you have to talk about something, don't over do it. Be precise with your facts. It's okay to mention a fact that you were unable to prove but you do not have to over-explain it. It's important to keep the reader's attention in the beginning because they are going to be reading a lot more than is needed.What are good topics for an argumentative essay? The following are topics that will do the trick: General Discussion, Making a Point, Answer, Conclusion. These are just a few examples of what are good topics for an argumentative essay. Other topics include: Introduction, Positive Verdict, Outcome, Discussion. The rest are good for other purposes as well.When you find a topic you like and then you start writing, remember that it's not until you are done writing that you can put in the facts. Do not worry too much about proofreading your essay until you are sure that you have all the facts in your essay. You don't want to go through the trouble of writing one essay that is full of mistakes. So, do not worry about proofreading until you are done writing.What are good topics for an argumentative essay? These are definitely topics that you should get right. So if you have a topic that you would like to write an argumentative essay about, then I hope this article has helped you with your decision.

Did God Create evil or did man essays

Did God Create evil or did man essays Ever since the beginning of time our reality has been based on the conflict between good and evil. From the story of Adam and Eve to modern day and everything done by the human race has been a battle between these two. Many theologians and scholars have tried to argue the creation of evil. They question if God created it or if man and his perversion of the good created it. Or even if it goes back farther than that, to the angels and Lucifer. Still many have reached the conclusion that evil is mans perversion of Gods great gift of free will. However, I do not agree. I believe that evil is inherent in man. I believe that God, whether directly or indirectly, created evil. Many philosophers and theologians have had similar ideas. Even those that would disagree with my view have said things that will back up my argument. St. Augustine was one of the great theologians in church history. He had the idea that man was inherently and totally good until the fall. After the fall, man was both go od and evil. A dualistic thought, but nonetheless a very Christian statement because we now had the ability to sin. From that point on, man was not prone to evil, but was born with evil in him. This is what drives us to sin in the first place. How could we perverse a good without having that perverseness, evil, in us already? Augustine himself identifies with this in his famous story of the theft of the pears. When he stole those pears he didnt have any desire to enjoy the things [he] stole, but only the stealing of them and the sin. What hes saying is that there was no reason for him to steal the pears, no need or desire. It was simply the fact that it was evil and sinful that drove him to commit his pointless theft. He realized that there was a side of him that was naturally drawn to the enjoyment of evil. He realized that he had evil in him. And that part of him is what delighted in sin. Augustine admitted that it cou...

Book Store Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Book Store Business - Essay Example An extension of the used book store without seating for espresso kiosk and snack bar is not an ideal decision because it reduces the appeal of the store. In case the expansion is planned with a large scale renovation to the store with a lengthier menu to chose, additional furniture, shelves and interior design, expansion costs may range from $40000 to $80000. Returns from the investment for expansion are lucrative since coffee kiosks that sell specialty coffee is a profitable business. Material cost for the preparation is lower than twenty five percent of the sale price (Plan A: The small, bookstore-owned coffee bar 2002). The used book store is located in a shopping mall and stocks book in various categories. They include mathematics, arts and entertainment, children’s fiction, antiques and collectibles, humor, history, law, literary criticism, biography and autobiography, children’s non-fiction, cooking education, games, house and home, language arts and disciplines, body, mind and spirit, computers, gardening, family relationship’s, business and economics, current affairs, health and fitness, foreign language study, medical books, self help, sports and recreation, nature, poetry, pets, religion, philosophy, technology, philosophy, study aids, true stories, reference, travel and science (Browse Book Categories 2008). Online sales of used books have reached a growth rate of thirty percent in the recent past. This is due to the vast customer base available online and the comparative lesser cost in reaching these customers around the world. The store specialized in used study books for which the market share is huge. Specialized advertising in student related websites and educational websites frequented by students serves as the main mode of sales promotion. There is a high demand for used books for various reasons. The used books may be required because it is out of print and students require it in class, or the book may not

Peer Polity Interaction and Socio-Political Change Essay

Peer Polity Interaction and Socio-Political Change - Essay Example This mainly related to the Barbarian tribes and, to some extent, other empires. The interactions were mainly given as the cause for the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the first period of happenings that were considered to be the Dark Age. There is an overall perspective in our society that reflects the way of life. Politics, which include the method through which a given group of people are governed, is diverse and varies from one society to the other. Soci-political changes therefore reflect the general changes in the ways of life. Such changes are normally associated with certain aspects of doing things and the historical perspectives that shape our ways of life (Cioffi-Revilla 2005). It is normally crucial for people to revisit some paradigms that underline the collective thinking and action that various leadership styles reflect in our society. During periods of crisis certain methodologies are employed to solve the problems that exist. The need to revisit some of the paradigms that underlie collective action and thinking always occur. A large body of theoretical and empirical research has attempted to confirm that societies strive politically and economically whenever they are able to build strong non-state actors that foster community organizations. Every society has the potential to contribute in various ways to the common good of humanity. According to Burger (681-604), there is the possibility of the existence of the production of negative social capital by individuals who do not cooperate in doing what is commonly good for the entire society. Any attempt to analyze politics in antiquity normally presents various new opportunities for both political and international relations. Governance is done through institutions of leadership that are put up to ensure that services reach the target subjects and efficient leadership is practiced. The term polity is normally